This web page was produced as an assignment for Genetics 564, an undergraduate capstone course at UW-Madison.
What is Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome?
Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, in which a person has the propensity of sleeping and waking at later hours than conventional times of the day [1]. DSPS can inhibit the ability to be well-rested and awake at desired times for work or school. Individuals with DSPS can achieve normal sleep quality and quantity when allowed to choose their schedule. Typical times for individuals with delayed sleep phase to go to bed are between 1 and 4 am, and wake up are between 8 and 11 am [2].
Symptoms of DSPS [3]Typical symptoms of DSPS include:
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Diagnosis and Treatment [6]
DSPS is diagnosed based on the symptoms and sleep logs. Sometimes a non-invasive wrist-watch-like device called an autograph may be used to confirm rest-activity rhythms.
Treatment for DSPS involves the following:
Treatment for DSPS involves the following:
- Develop good sleeping habits: maintaining the same sleeping schedule on weekdays and weekends, avoiding caffeinated products and stimulants.
- Shifting bedtime schedule can involve one of two methods: advancing or delaying the internal clock and can be individualized best with the help of a sleep specialist. Staying motivated to follow the schedules.
- Bright light therapy
- Avoidance of light at night: especially of screen time light
- Medication: melatonin or other natural sleep-inducing drugs can be useful with the help of a sleep specialist.
CRY1 gene
The CRY1 (cryptochrome circadian regulator 1) gene is located on chromosome 12 at position 23.3 (Figure 1). and is linked to the regulation of the circadian rhythm, encoding a binding protein for the circadian core oscillator complex[4]. The circadian core oscillator complex, see Circadian clock, in mammals consists of proteins like CLOCK and BMAL1 [5]. A transcriptional feedback loop, the transcription of CLOCK and BMAL1 produce proteins PER and CRY which loop back and inhibit the further transcription of CLOCK and BMAL1 for the circadian clock to restart. A recent study by Patke, et. al. revealed a gain-of-function mutation in the CRY1 gene, a deletion of exon 11 (Figure 2B). The deletion enhances the affinity of the Cry1 protein to transcription factors Clock and Bmal (Figure 2A). This interaction induces a longer period of molecular circadian rhythms in the body.
What is a Circadian Clock? [5]A molecular circadian clock governs rhythmicity within an organism - the sleep:wake cycle of an organism: bats waking up as the sun sets and plants positioning their leaves to catch sunlight in the morning. Circadian clocks are synchronized to the 24-hour patterns of lights and temperature as the earth rotates. Circadian clocks regulate body temperature, blood pressure, hormones, and metabolism rhythms among other processes even in the absence or interruption of light:dark cycles.
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For more information about Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
American Sleep Association
201 Rock Lititz Blvd. Ste 25C
Lititz, PA 17543
(717) 478-8556
[email protected]
201 Rock Lititz Blvd. Ste 25C
Lititz, PA 17543
(717) 478-8556
[email protected]
References.
1. Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews,13(1), 47-60. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.009
2. American Sleep Association. (n.d.). Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome - Research Treatments | Sleep Assoc. Retrieved January 31, 2019, from https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome/
3. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (n.d.). Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase – Overview & Facts. Retrieved February 5, 2019, from http://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders-by-category/circadian-rhythm-disorders/delayed-sleep-wake-phase/overview-and-risk-factors
4. CRY1 cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. (2019, January 31). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1407.
5. Buhr ED, Takahashi JS. Molecular components of the Mammalian circadian clock. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2013;(217):3-27.
6. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) in Children and Adolescents. Retrieved January 31, 2019, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14295-delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-dsps
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1. Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews,13(1), 47-60. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.009
2. American Sleep Association. (n.d.). Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome - Research Treatments | Sleep Assoc. Retrieved January 31, 2019, from https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome/
3. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (n.d.). Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase – Overview & Facts. Retrieved February 5, 2019, from http://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders-by-category/circadian-rhythm-disorders/delayed-sleep-wake-phase/overview-and-risk-factors
4. CRY1 cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. (2019, January 31). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1407.
5. Buhr ED, Takahashi JS. Molecular components of the Mammalian circadian clock. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2013;(217):3-27.
6. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) in Children and Adolescents. Retrieved January 31, 2019, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14295-delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-dsps
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Sara Acosta Villarreal Genetics and Genomics, UW-Madison [email protected] Last updated: May 10, 2019 |
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